Aphids are one of the common pests during the growth of plants, they often eat the buds and young leaves of the plant, which has a serious impact on the growth of the plant. As a plant expert, this article will introduce the hazards, types and comprehensive control strategies of aphids in detail to help growers effectively control aphids and ensure the healthy growth of plants.
1. The Harm Of Aphids
The harm of aphids can be divided into direct harm and indirect harm. The direct harm is that the adults and nymphs suck the SAP of the plant, causing the leaf surface to curl, the tender stem to twist, the growth point to necrosis, and eventually resulting in reduced production. The indirect harm is that aphids spread a variety of viral diseases while stinging and sucking plant SAP, resulting in slow plant growth, leaf yellowing, deformation, and even more serious harm.
2. The Types Of Aphids
There are many kinds of aphids, and the common ones are as follows:
Peach powder Megaphis: mainly harm peach, plum, hawthorn, pear, plum, apricot, cherry and grass plants. If the aphid group is generally concentrated in the new shoots and the back thorns of the leaves, the damaged leaves lose green and curl to the back of the leaves, and there is white wax powder in the rolled leaves, and the leaves fall off in severe cases, and the tender tips are dry.
Oleander aphid: The main host is oleander. The body of the female is oval, about 2.3mm long and 1.2mm wide. The body color is yellow or golden, the ventral tube and the feet are black. The winged viviparous female is oval, about 2mm long and 1mm wide, with a black head and chest and a lighter abdomen with black markings.
Luan polymorphic hairy aphid: The main hosts are koelreuteria, chestnut tree, Pentagon maple, Huangshan koelreuteria, heath and toon tree. The wingless parthenogenetic aphid is about 3mm long and oval. The winged parthenofemale aphid is 3mm long, with a wingspan of about 6mm, black head and chest, yellow abdomen, and a distinct black transverse band on the back of the body.
3. Aphid Control Strategy
The control of aphids needs a comprehensive use of physical control, chemical control, biological control, strengthening conservation and regular inspection and other methods. The following are specific prevention and control strategies:
Physical control
Physical control is mainly the removal of aphids by manual operation. For less planted vegetable and flower seedlings, aphids can be repeatedly washed with water or removed with a capillary brush when a small number of them appear on the seedlings. For fruit trees, when cleaning the garden in winter and spring, the tree body can be cleaned and shaved, and the trunk and trunk branches can be whitened with white coating agent to kill the winter aphids and prevent aphids from spawning and breeding.
Chemical control
Chemical control is the use of pesticides to control aphids. At present, there are many kinds of drugs for the control of aphids on the market, and the commonly used ones are imidacloprid, acetamidine, thiamethoxam and so on. When spraying drugs, there are several points to pay attention to:
Alternate drug use: Avoid long-term single drug use to reduce pest resistance.
Focus on spraying: Focus on spraying the back of the leaf, young leaves, buds, shoots and other places where the crop is hidden.
Spray fine and uniform: when spraying, it is necessary to pour enough liquid medicine to ensure that the spray is fine and uniform, not heavy and not leaking.
Auxiliary agents: If necessary, silicone and other auxiliaries can be used to improve the effect of drug prevention and control.
The best time for chemical control is the early spring of aphids. In the prevention and control process, if the first prevention and control effect is found to be poor, you can spray once every 7-10 days.
Biological control
Biological control is the control of aphids by introducing their natural enemies. The natural enemies of aphids are ladybugs, lacewings, hoverflies, etc. In the control of aphids, if the number of aphids in the field is not very large, the purpose of killing aphids can be achieved by releasing or protecting these natural enemies. In order to protect natural enemies from harm, when spraying drugs in the field, attention should be paid to the use of less, light or no pesticides, and must not be excessive use or the use of highly toxic pesticides.
Intensive maintenance
Strengthening conservation is one of the important measures to control aphids. Keep the plant growing environment well ventilated, moderate watering and fertilization, can improve the resistance of plants to diseases and insects. When applying fertilizer, according to the soil fertility level and the nutrient demand law of different crops during the growth period, more organic fertilizer, farm fertilizer, biological fertilizer should be applied as much as possible, an appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and scientific and reasonable control of the use of nitrogen fertilizer or less. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer can lead to excessive green or green leaves, resulting in excessive carbohydrates in the plant body, providing favorable conditions for aphids to reproduce.
Periodic inspection
Regular inspections are key to spotting aphids in time and treating them as early as possible. Growers need to check the growth of their plants regularly and take immediate steps to control aphids as soon as they are found. Through regular inspections, aphids can be detected and treated in time to prevent their spread and spread.
4. Other prevention and control methods
In addition to the above methods of physical control, chemical control, biological control, strengthening conservation and regular inspection, there are some other control methods:
Soil pest control
5% thiamethoxam or 5% imidacloprid granules can be used to control aphids before planting or colonizing crops. The amount of spreading is 4-5 kg per mu, and the trench application is 1-1.5 kg per mu. When watering the plant bed or planting water, it can be watered according to 2000-3000 times the use concentration of 60% imidacloprid, which can effectively control the harm of crop aphids at the seedling stage.
Take advantage of aphids’ taxis
Aphids have the characteristics of yellowing, sweetening and phototaxis, which can be used for trapping and killing. For example, hanging yellow sticky oil plates in the field to kill adults, or placing homemade sweet and sour wine solution in the field to kill aphids. At the same time, a black light can also be placed in the field where aphids are active to trap and kill aphids.
Change of crop
The number of aphids in the field can be greatly reduced by using resistant crop varieties and changing crop rotation to planting methods. For example, crop rotation or interplanting with crops such as leeks, which have a strong smell and are repellent to aphids. Try to avoid planting cruciferous crops that attract aphids during the summer.
Field cleaning
Keeping the field clean is one of the important measures to control aphids. After the harvest of the previous crop or after the fruit is picked or after the pruning, the straw, dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, mess, etc. in the field should be thoroughly cleaned in a timely manner, and the soil should be burned or deeply buried outside the field, and the soil should be deeply sun-dried about 30 cm in order to kill and control the source of the spread of aphids.
Conclusion
Aphids are one of the common pests during plant growth, causing serious harm to plant growth. In order to effectively control aphids, it is necessary to comprehensively use physical control, chemical control, biological control, strengthening conservation and regular inspection. At the same time, aphid’s tendency can also be used to trap and kill, to change the crop rotation and to keep the field clean. Through the comprehensive application of these control methods, aphids can be effectively controlled and plants can grow healthily.
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