Succulents are like the darlings of the plant world. Their chubby, water-filled leaves make them not only aesthetically pleasing but also easy to care for—if you know how to manage their watering needs. But here’s the catch: despite their reputation for being low-maintenance, one of the biggest mistakes succulent owners make is either overwatering or underwatering these resilient plants. So, how much water should you give a small succulent? Let’s dive deep into the world of succulents and uncover the art of watering them just right.
Understanding Your Succulent’s Water Needs
What Makes Succulents So Unique?
Succulents have evolved to survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth. From arid deserts to rocky mountains, they’ve adapted by developing fleshy leaves, stems, or roots that store water for long periods. This adaptation allows them to thrive in conditions where water is scarce. However, this same adaptation means they don’t need—and in fact, don’t want—too much water.
The Watering Conundrum: Why It’s Tricky
One of the biggest misconceptions about succulents is that they don’t need much water at all. While it’s true that they require less water than many other plants, they still need consistent watering to grow healthy and strong. The challenge lies in finding the right balance—too much water can lead to root rot, while too little can cause the plant to shrivel up and die.
How Much Water Does a Small Succulent Need?
Consider the Size and Type of Your Succulent
The first step in determining how much water your succulent needs is to consider its size and type. Smaller succulents generally require less water than larger ones, simply because they have less mass to sustain. Additionally, different types of succulents have varying water needs. For example, a small aloe vera may need more frequent watering than a small echeveria, due to its thicker, more water-retentive leaves.
The Pot and Soil Matter
The type of pot and soil you use can also significantly impact how much water your succulent needs. Succulents do best in pots with drainage holes, as these allow excess water to escape, preventing root rot. The soil should be well-draining, preferably a mix specifically designed for succulents and cacti. If your succulent is planted in a pot without drainage or in dense, moisture-retaining soil, you’ll need to water it even less frequently to avoid waterlogging the roots.
Climate and Environmental Factors
Your local climate and the environment in which your succulent is kept play a major role in determining its water needs. Succulents in hot, dry climates will need more frequent watering than those in cooler, more humid environments. Similarly, indoor succulents often require less water than those kept outside, as indoor environments are typically more controlled and less exposed to extreme weather conditions.
see also: Caring for Air Succulents: A Comprehensive Guide
The Golden Rule: Soak and Dry
What is the Soak and Dry Method?
The soak and dry method is widely regarded as the best way to water succulents. This technique involves thoroughly soaking the soil until water runs out of the drainage holes and then allowing the soil to dry out completely before watering again. This mimics the natural watering patterns succulents experience in the wild, where they receive a heavy downpour followed by a long dry period.
How Often Should You Water Using This Method?
For small succulents, watering once every 1 to 2 weeks is typically sufficient, but this can vary depending on the factors mentioned earlier. During the active growing season (usually spring and summer), you may need to water more frequently, while in the dormant season (fall and winter), watering can be reduced.
Signs Your Succulent Needs Water
It’s important to listen to your plant and observe its signs. Here are some indicators that your succulent might need water:
Shriveled or wrinkled leaves: This is a sign that the plant is using up its stored water and needs a refill.
Soft, mushy leaves: This could indicate overwatering, but in some cases, it may also mean the plant is dehydrated and needs water.
Signs You’re Overwatering
On the other hand, overwatering can be just as harmful as underwatering. Look out for these signs:
Yellowing leaves: If the leaves are turning yellow and translucent, it’s a sign of too much water.
Mushy stems or leaves: Overwatering often leads to root rot, which can cause the plant to become soft and mushy.
Falling leaves: If the leaves are falling off easily, the roots may be waterlogged.
Tips for Watering Succulents in Different Conditions
Indoor Succulents
Indoor succulents often require less water than their outdoor counterparts because they’re not exposed to as much direct sunlight or extreme temperatures. In general, watering every 2 to 3 weeks should suffice, but always check the soil before watering. If the top inch of soil is dry, it’s time to water.
Outdoor Succulents
Outdoor succulents, especially those in hot, sunny environments, may need more frequent watering. However, if you live in a rainy area, you may need to water them less frequently or even move them under a sheltered area during heavy rainfall to prevent overwatering.
Seasonal Watering Adjustments
As mentioned earlier, succulents have different water needs depending on the season. During the warmer months, when succulents are actively growing, they’ll need more water. In contrast, during the cooler months, they enter a period of dormancy and require less water. A good rule of thumb is to water less frequently during fall and winter, possibly only once a month.
Watering Techniques
Direct Soil Watering: Water the soil directly rather than spraying the leaves, as excess moisture on the leaves can cause them to rot.
Bottom Watering: Place the pot in a shallow dish of water and allow the soil to absorb water from the bottom. This ensures the roots get adequately hydrated without wetting the leaves.
Avoiding Common Watering Mistakes
Using the Right Watering Tools
Using the right tools can make a big difference in how effectively you water your succulents. A watering can with a narrow spout allows for more precise watering, ensuring you don’t accidentally drench the leaves or oversaturate the soil. If you’re bottom watering, a shallow dish or tray is ideal.
Water Quality Matters
Believe it or not, the quality of water you use can affect your succulent’s health. Tap water, especially in areas with hard water, can contain minerals that may build up in the soil over time, potentially harming your plant. If possible, use distilled or rainwater to avoid this issue.
Don’t Stick to a Rigid Schedule
One of the biggest mistakes succulent owners make is sticking to a strict watering schedule without considering the plant’s current needs. It’s better to check the soil moisture before watering rather than watering on a set day each week. This way, you’re responding to the plant’s actual needs rather than imposing a routine that may not be appropriate.
Troubleshooting Watering Issues
Dealing with Overwatered Succulents
If you suspect you’ve overwatered your succulent, the first step is to stop watering immediately and allow the soil to dry out completely. If the plant shows signs of root rot (such as mushy leaves or stems), you may need to remove it from the pot, trim away the rotting parts, and repot it in fresh, dry soil. In severe cases, you may need to propagate new plants from healthy cuttings.
Reviving Underwatered Succulents
Underwatered succulents are usually easier to revive than overwatered ones. Start by giving the plant a good soak, ensuring the water reaches the roots. Afterward, continue watering regularly but with the appropriate intervals to prevent the plant from drying out again.
Monitoring Long-Term Health
Keep an eye on your succulent’s overall health, including its color, texture, and growth rate. Healthy succulents typically have firm, plump leaves, vibrant colors, and steady, albeit slow, growth. If you notice any changes, such as dulling colors or stunted growth, it may be a sign that your watering routine needs adjustment.
Conclusion: Mastering the Balance of Watering Your Succulent
Watering small succulents may seem like a simple task, but it requires attention to detail and a good understanding of your plant’s needs. The key is to strike the right balance between too much and too little water. By considering factors like the type and size of your succulent, the pot and soil it’s in, and the climate it’s exposed to, you can ensure that your succulent gets the perfect amount of water to thrive.
Remember, the soak and dry method is your best friend when it comes to watering succulents. It mimics their natural environment and helps prevent the most common problems associated with improper watering. Always observe your succulent for signs of overwatering or underwatering, and adjust your watering schedule accordingly.
Mastering the art of watering succulents isn’t just about keeping them alive—it’s about helping them flourish. By understanding and respecting their unique needs, you’ll not only enjoy a healthy, vibrant plant but also the satisfaction of knowing you’ve become a true succulent expert. So go ahead, give your small succulent the care it deserves, and watch it thrive under your thoughtful attention.