The banana tree is a tropical fruit tree that is native to Southeast Asia and is now widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Banana trees are not only delicious fruits, but also nutritious and loved by people. However, if you want banana trees to grow healthily and bear fruitful fruit, you need to master certain farming methods and precautions. The following will describe in detail how to conserve banana trees, including growing conditions, planting methods, daily management, pest control and other aspects.
Growth Conditions
1. Temperature
Banana trees are typical tropical plants that prefer warm, moist environments. The optimum temperature for its growth is 24~32℃, in this temperature range, the banana tree grows rapidly and the fruit quality is good. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, the banana tree grows slowly or even stops growing. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, frost damage may occur. Therefore, when planting banana trees in the north, facilities such as greenhouses or greenhouses should be used for heat preservation.
2. Light
Banana tree is a light-loving plant, when the light is sufficient, the leaf photosynthesis is strong, which is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients and the development of fruit. If the light is insufficient, the banana tree will grow thin, the leaves will be yellow, and the fruit quality will decline. Therefore, when planting banana trees, you should choose a sunny place for cultivation.
3. Moisture
Banana trees like wet conditions but are afraid of standing water. During growth, the soil should be kept moist to meet its growth needs. But water should not be too much, so as not to cause root rot. Under normal circumstances, water can be watered according to the weather and soil moisture, and attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention during the rainy season.
4. Soil
Banana trees are not strict in soil requirements, but fertile, loose, well-drained sandy loam or loam soil is best. Such soil is conducive to root growth and nutrient absorption. Before planting, the soil can be deep-turned and carefully cultivated, and the decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied as the base fertilizer to improve the soil structure and improve soil fertility.
Planting Methods
1. Seed selection and germination
Select a good variety, no pests and diseases, healthy banana buds as seedlings. Cut the selected bud from the mother plant, leaving the root and part of the leaves, and then put in a cool ventilated place to dry the wound. After drying, the suction buds are buried in moist sandy soil or perlite to promote the buds, keep the temperature between 2530℃, about 12 months after the roots and new leaves can grow.
2. Transplanting and colonization
When the budding banana seedlings grow to a certain height (about 30 to 40 cm), they can be transplanted. Before transplanting, dig the planting hole first, and apply the decomposed organic fertilizer and the appropriate amount of compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Then, the banana seedlings were transplanted into the planting hole with soil and poured with root water. After transplanting, pay attention to shading and moisturizing to promote slow seedling growth.
3. Density and spacing
The planting density and spacing of banana trees should be determined according to the variety, soil fertility, climatic conditions and other factors. Generally speaking, about 100 to 150 plants can be planted per mu. The plant spacing can be 2 m ×2.5 m or 2.5 m ×3 m for planting. This not only ensures that the plant has enough space to grow, but also makes full use of light energy resources.
Daily Management
1. Fertilization management
Banana trees grow quickly and need a lot of fat. During the growth process, reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the growth stage and the characteristics of fertilizer demand.
Base fertilizer: Before transplanting or colonization, apply decomposed organic fertilizer and appropriate amount of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to improve soil structure and provide nutrients.
Topdressing: During the growth period, multiple topdressing can be performed. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer was mainly used to promote the growth of branches and leaves. In the middle stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was mainly used to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit development. In the later stage, potassium fertilizer was mainly used to improve fruit quality and yield. Topdressing can be applied by ditch or hole method, and after application, cover with soil tightly and water.
Foliar spraying: During the growth boom, foliar spraying can be carried out to supplement nutrients and promote growth. Urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other fertilizers can be used for spraying, spraying once every 710 days, 23 times in a row.
2. Water management
Banana trees like wet conditions but are afraid of standing water. During growth, the soil should be kept moist to meet its growth needs. But water should not be too much, so as not to cause root rot. When watering, should be according to the weather and soil moisture. During the rainy season, pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention, so as not to cause damage to the root system. Dry season should be watered in time to ensure the normal growth of plants and fruit development.
3. Pruning management
Pruning management of banana trees mainly includes the removal of dead leaves, diseased leaves and thinning of overdense branches. Removing dead and diseased leaves can reduce the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases. Thinning out too close branches can improve the ventilation and light transmittance conditions, promote plant growth and fruit development. When pruning, it should be carried out in clear weather, and the cut branches and leaves should be cleaned up in time after pruning and burned or buried deeply.
4. Soil building and weeding
During the growth of banana trees, soil cultivation and weeding should be carried out regularly. Soil cultivation can thicken soil layer, protect root system, improve soil fertility and drought resistance. Weeding can reduce the competition between weeds and plants for nutrients and water, and promote plant growth. Soil cultivation and weeding can be combined and can be carried out two to three times a year. When cultivating soil, the soil should be loosely broken and covered around the roots. When weeding, care should be taken not to damage the roots and leaves of the plant.
5. Scaffolding and tying
Banana tree stems are soft, can not grow upright, need to be supported by scaffolding. The scaffolding can be built with bamboo, wooden sticks and other materials to build a “human” shape or “triangle” bracket, and the height of the bracket should be determined according to the height of the plant. After setting up the stand, tie the stem of the banana tree to the stand so that it grows upright. When tying the vine, care should be taken not to tie too tight or too loose, so as not to damage the stem or affect growth. With the growth of the plant, the position and tightness of the binding should be adjusted in time.
Pest Control
1. Disease control
The common diseases of banana tree are leaf spot, bundle top disease, root rot and so on. The occurrence of these diseases will affect the normal growth of plants and the quality and yield of fruits. Therefore, the prevention and control of diseases should be strengthened.
Leaf spot: The main damage to the leaves, resulting in leaf death. Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management, reasonable fertilization and watering; Remove the diseased leaves in time and burn them; At the early stage of the disease, carbendazim, mancozeb and other agents can be used for spraying control.
Bundle top disease: It is a viral disease that mainly affects leaves and false stems. Prevention and control methods: strengthen quarantine work to prevent the spread of disease-bearing seedlings; Remove and burn the diseased plant in time; Strengthen field management, improve plant disease resistance.
Root rot: mainly affects the roots, causing root rot and plant death. Control methods: strengthening soil management, improving soil structure; Reasonable fertilization and watering; The diseased plant should be dug up and burned in time; At the early stage of the disease, oxametrin, metalaxalin and other agents can be used for root control.
2. Pest control
Common insect pests on banana trees are aphids, red spiders, leaf rollers and so on. The occurrence of these pests will suck the SAP of the plant, bite the leaves, etc., resulting in poor plant growth and decreased fruit quality. Therefore, pest control should be strengthened.
Aphids: mainly harm young leaves and inflorescence. Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management, reasonable fertilization and watering; When found aphids, imidacloprid, acetamidine and other agents were sprayed to control them.
Starscream: mainly harm the back of the leaf. Control methods: strengthen field management, reasonable pruning of branches and leaves; It was found that red spider was sprayed with avermectin, tetraprazine and other agents in time.
Leaf rollers: The main damage to leaves. Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management, remove the damaged leaves in time and burn them; The leaf roll insect was found to be controlled by spraying chlorfenamide and cyhalothrin in time.
Precautions
1. Avoid continuous cropping
Banana trees are not suitable for continuous cropping. Because continuous cropping will lead to nutrient imbalance in the soil, the accumulation of diseases and pests, which will affect the normal growth of banana trees and the quality and yield of fruit. Therefore, when planting banana trees, attention should be paid to crop rotation or soil disinfection.
2. Harvest in time
The time of harvest has a great influence on the quality of banana fruit. Premature harvest will lead to immature fruit and poor taste. Harvesting too late can result in overripe, perishable fruit. Therefore, the banana should be harvested according to the maturity of the fruit. Under normal circumstances, when the fruit full, bright color, skin color from green to yellow can be harvested. When harvesting, the fruit should be cut from the ear with scissors to avoid damage caused by direct pulling by hand.
3. Winter insulation
When planting banana trees in northern regions, heat preservation measures should be taken in winter to prevent the plants from freezing damage. Can be used to build greenhouse or greenhouses and other facilities for heat preservation; It can also be covered around the plant with straw, plastic film and other materials for insulation. At the same time, ventilation should be strengthened to reduce the humidity in the shed and prevent the occurrence of diseases.
4. Early prevention and treatment of pests and diseases
Pest control is one of the important steps in banana planting. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of “prevention first and comprehensive control” in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. It is necessary to strengthen field management, reasonable fertilization and watering, timely removal of diseased leaves and fruits and burn them. It is necessary to carry out the pest control work on a regular basis and choose high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides for spraying control; Pest surveillance should be strengthened to detect and address pest problems in a timely manner.
Conclusion
Banana tree is a kind of tropical fruit tree, which has the advantages of rapid growth, early fruit, high yield and good quality. In order to make banana trees grow healthily and bear rich fruits, it is necessary to master certain farming methods and precautions. In the process of planting, appropriate varieties and planting locations should be selected; Strengthen field management, reasonable fertilization and watering, pruning management, soil cultivation and weeding work; Strengthen the prevention and control of disease and insect pests and choose high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides for spraying control; Pay attention to avoid continuous cropping, timely harvesting and other problems. Through scientific and reasonable conservation and management, banana trees can grow healthily and bear abundant fruits
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