Hummingbirds, often called nature’s jewels, are a marvel to behold. Their vibrant plumage and remarkable aerial agility make them a delight to birdwatchers and garden enthusiasts. However, these captivating creatures aren’t just known for their iridescent feathers and breathtaking acrobatics; they are also avid nectar feeders. The relationship between hummingbirds and flowers is a beautifully intertwined dance of mutual benefit. In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of hummingbird-pollinated flowers and delve into the diversity of blooms that these tiny birds seek out for their nectar.
Understanding Hummingbirds’ Diet
Hummingbirds are primarily nectarivores, which means that their main source of nutrition comes from the nectar found in flowers. Nectar is a sugary liquid produced by various flowering plants as a reward for their pollinators. When a hummingbird feeds on nectar, it inadvertently helps the flower by facilitating pollination. This mutualistic relationship is crucial for both the bird and the plant, ensuring the continued survival and reproduction of various flowering species.
Hummingbirds, with their incredibly high metabolism, require an abundant and reliable source of nectar to sustain their energy levels. To meet their dietary needs, they are highly selective in their choice of flowers, favoring those with specific characteristics.
Characteristics of Hummingbird-Friendly Flowers
Red, Orange, and Pink Colors: Hummingbirds have an excellent color vision and are particularly attracted to red, orange, and pink hues. These colors serve as a visual beacon, guiding the birds to the nectar source. Some popular flowers in these colors include trumpet vine (Campsis radicans), bee balm (Monarda spp.), and various species of salvia.
Tubular Shape: Hummingbirds have long, specialized bills that enable them to access nectar from deep within tubular-shaped flowers. The structure of these flowers, often referred to as “hummingbird flowers,” is a perfect fit for the birds’ unique feeding apparatus. Examples of tubular flowers that hummingbirds adore include trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) and red hot poker (Kniphofia uvaria).
Abundant Nectar: Hummingbirds are drawn to flowers with high nectar production. This is crucial for the birds, as they require a steady supply of energy-rich nectar to fuel their rapid wingbeats, which can reach up to 80 beats per second. Some nectar-rich blooms include coral honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) and scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea).
Clustered Blooms: Flowers that grow in clusters or have multiple blooms close together provide a convenient and efficient source of nectar for hummingbirds. This arrangement allows the birds to maximize their nectar intake in a single location. The cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) is a prime example of a plant with clustered, hummingbird-friendly blossoms.
Long Blooming Period: Hummingbirds depend on a consistent nectar supply throughout their active season. Flowers that bloom over an extended period or in succession ensure a continuous food source. The perennial wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) is a good example of a long-blooming flower that hummingbirds frequent.
Notable Flowers That Attract Hummingbirds
Trumpet Vine (Campsis radicans): Also known as the trumpet creeper, this woody vine produces large, trumpet-shaped, red or orange flowers. Its prolific nectar production and tubular shape make it a hummingbird favorite. Be prepared for vigorous growth and consider providing a sturdy support structure for this plant.
Bee Balm (Monarda spp.): Bee balm, with its unique, showy blossoms, is a top pick for attracting hummingbirds. Available in various colors, including red and pink, it provides a bountiful source of nectar. It’s a versatile perennial that thrives in many garden settings.
Red Hot Poker (Kniphofia uvaria): This striking perennial plant features tall spikes of tubular, fiery-red flowers. It’s a magnet for hummingbirds due to its vibrant color and abundant nectar. Red hot poker is a great addition to a hummingbird garden.
Coral Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens): As its name suggests, this native vine produces clusters of tubular, coral-red blossoms. It is well-suited to trellises, arbors, and fence lines and provides a continuous source of nectar for visiting hummingbirds.
Scarlet Sage (Salvia coccinea): A member of the sage family, scarlet sage boasts bright red flowers in dense spikes. It’s a favorite among hummingbirds and adds a vibrant splash of color to gardens and landscapes.
Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis): This North American native perennial is known for its brilliant red blooms. Hummingbirds find its tubular flowers irresistible, making it a must-have for attracting these tiny avian visitors.
Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis): Wild columbine features intricate, red and yellow, bell-shaped flowers that provide a nectar source for hummingbirds over an extended period. Its delicate and unique appearance adds charm to any garden.
Creating a Hummingbird-Friendly Garden
To attract and support hummingbirds in your garden, consider the following tips:
Plant a Variety of Flowers: A diverse selection of hummingbird-friendly flowers that bloom at different times of the year will ensure a steady nectar supply.
Provide Shelter and Perches: Hummingbirds need perches to rest and survey their territory. Incorporate trees, shrubs, and other suitable structures for them to rest between feeding sessions.
Avoid Pesticides: Minimize the use of pesticides and herbicides in your garden, as they can harm both hummingbirds and the flowers they depend on.
Maintain Clean Feeders: If you opt to provide hummingbird feeders, ensure they are kept clean and filled with fresh sugar water. A mixture of one part sugar to four parts water is the recommended solution.
Water Features: Adding a small water source, like a birdbath or fountain, can attract hummingbirds, as they often visit these areas for bathing and drinking.
Conclusion
Hummingbirds are nature’s enchanting jewels, and their presence in a garden can be a source of endless joy and wonder. By understanding the specific characteristics of flowers that hummingbirds prefer and planting an array of these nectar-rich blooms, you can create a haven for these magnificent birds in your own backyard. The mutual relationship between hummingbirds and the flowers they visit is a testament to the intricate and delicate balance of nature. As you tend to your hummingbird-friendly garden, you not only provide nourishment for these tiny aerial acrobats but also contribute to the preservation of the incredible biodiversity that surrounds us. So, go ahead and invite these vibrant and vital pollinators into your garden for a truly magical experience.