Bees play a critical role in pollinating plants, making them essential for the health of ecosystems and the global food supply. However, not all flowers are equally appealing to bees. While bees are generally attracted to a wide variety of blooms, there are certain types of flowers that they tend to avoid. Understanding these bee-repelling flowers can be valuable for gardeners and conservationists, especially in situations where a balance needs to be struck between human enjoyment of outdoor spaces and preserving the well-being of pollinators. In this article, we will explore some of the flowers that bees are less likely to visit and discuss the factors that influence their choices.
Factors Influencing Bee Flower Preferences
Before delving into the specific types of flowers that bees might not like, it’s essential to understand the factors that influence their flower preferences. Bees are attracted to flowers primarily for their nectar and pollen, which serve as their primary sources of food. Several key factors determine a flower’s appeal to bees:
Nectar and Pollen Availability: Bees are drawn to flowers that offer ample nectar and pollen. Flowers with these resources readily accessible are more likely to attract bees.
Color and Shape: Bees have color vision, but their perception of colors differs from humans. They tend to favor flowers that are blue, purple, and yellow. Additionally, the shape of a flower can influence bee preferences. Tubular or funnel-shaped blooms are often more accessible for bees, making them more appealing.
Scent: Fragrance is a crucial factor in attracting bees. Many flowers emit scents that are pleasing to bees and serve as an olfactory beacon to guide them to the blooms.
Seasonal Availability: Bees’ preferences can change with the seasons as different flowers bloom. In early spring, for example, they may be more attracted to flowers that provide a much-needed early-season food source.
Competition: The presence of other pollinators, such as butterflies and hummingbirds, can also influence bee flower preferences. Bees might avoid flowers that are consistently visited by other pollinators.
Chemical Compounds: Some plants produce chemical compounds that are unappealing or even toxic to bees, leading them to avoid these flowers.
Flowers That Bees Tend to Avoid
While bees are generally opportunistic pollinators and will visit a wide range of flowers, there are certain plants that they may be less inclined to visit. Here are some examples of flowers that bees tend to avoid or visit less frequently:
1. Marigolds (Tagetes spp.)
Marigolds are well-known for their vivid orange and yellow blooms. While they are popular garden flowers due to their striking appearance, they are not a top choice for bees. Marigolds produce little nectar, and their scent is not particularly attractive to bees.
2. Impatiens (Impatiens walleriana)
Impatiens, often used as colorful bedding plants, are not a favorite of bees. These flowers are generally low in nectar production and are less likely to attract pollinators.
3. Petunias (Petunia spp.)
Petunias are prized for their beauty and versatility in gardens, but they are not a top choice for bees. They produce limited nectar and do not offer much appeal in terms of scent.
4. Geraniums (Pelargonium spp.)
Geraniums are popular for their vibrant, long-lasting blooms. However, their nectar production is minimal, and they are not considered a primary choice for bees.
5. Begonias (Begonia spp.)
Begonias come in a variety of colors and forms, but they are not known for being bee-friendly. These flowers are not a good source of nectar or pollen for bees.
6. Double Flowers
Double flowers are often cultivated for their ornamental value, with extra petals giving them a lush appearance. However, this trait can make it difficult for bees to access the nectar and pollen, as the reproductive structures are often obscured by the additional petals.
7. Daffodils (Narcissus spp.)
Daffodils are a classic spring flower with their trumpet-shaped blooms. While they are beloved for their appearance and hardiness, daffodils are not particularly attractive to bees. They produce minimal nectar and lack the scent that bees prefer.
8. Azaleas (Rhododendron spp.)
Azaleas are known for their vibrant springtime displays, but they are not a top choice for bee foraging. Their nectar is limited, and they may not provide the essential resources bees require.
9. Forsythia (Forsythia spp.)
Forsythia’s bright yellow flowers herald the arrival of spring, but they are not a primary attraction for bees. Their nectar production is relatively low.
10. Hydrangeas (Hydrangea spp.)
Hydrangeas are admired for their large, showy flower heads, but they are not particularly bee-friendly. While they may attract some pollinators, their nectar and pollen are not as accessible or abundant as other flowers.
What flowers do honey bees like
Honey bees are vital pollinators for many plant species, including a wide variety of flowers. They are attracted to flowers that provide them with nectar and pollen, which they use as a source of food. When selecting flowers to attract honey bees to your garden or to support their populations, consider the following types of flowers that are particularly appealing to honey bees:
Lavender (Lavandula): Lavender produces fragrant, purple to blue flowers that are highly attractive to honey bees. They are not only a favorite of honey bees but also provide a pleasant aroma to your garden.
Sunflowers (Helianthus): Sunflowers are not only visually striking but also a great source of nectar and pollen for honey bees. Their large, open flowers make it easy for bees to access.
Wildflowers: Many wildflower species are excellent for attracting honey bees. These can include varieties like coneflowers (Echinacea), black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia), and wild lupine (Lupinus), among others.
Bee Balm (Monarda): As the name suggests, bee balm is highly attractive to bees. Its vibrant, tubular flowers are rich in nectar, making them a favorite among honey bees and other pollinators.
Salvia: Various salvia species, such as common sage (Salvia officinalis) and ornamental salvias, produce nectar-rich flowers that are loved by honey bees.
Marjoram and Oregano: These herbs produce small, clustered flowers that provide nectar and pollen for honey bees, making them a valuable addition to your garden.
Coneflowers (Echinacea): Coneflowers are not only visually appealing but also provide a good source of nectar and pollen for honey bees. Their distinct, cone-shaped centers are easily accessible to bees.
Clover (Trifolium): White clover, in particular, is a well-loved plant by honey bees. It’s often found in lawns and meadows and can be a valuable forage plant for bees.
Phlox: Phlox flowers are fragrant and come in a variety of colors. They are known for attracting not only honey bees but also butterflies.
Blueberries (Vaccinium): Blueberry bushes produce bell-shaped, white or pink flowers that are highly attractive to honey bees. They are especially important for honey bee pollination of blueberry crops.
Fruit Trees: Many fruit trees, including apple, cherry, and peach trees, produce flowers that honey bees find irresistible. Bees are essential for pollinating these fruit trees, ensuring a bountiful harvest.
Herbs: Herbs like basil, thyme, and mint produce flowers that provide nectar and pollen for honey bees. Allowing herbs to flower can be beneficial for both your culinary needs and the bees.
Planting a diverse array of flowers that bloom at different times of the year can help ensure a continuous food source for honey bees throughout the growing season. Additionally, consider avoiding the use of pesticides in your garden, as they can harm honey bees and other pollinators. Creating a bee-friendly garden not only benefits honey bee populations but also contributes to a healthier ecosystem and more productive gardens.
Balancing Garden Aesthetics with Bee Conservation
While it’s useful to be aware of flowers that bees tend to avoid, it’s essential to strike a balance between creating beautiful gardens and supporting bee populations. Gardeners can take several steps to promote bee conservation while still enjoying their outdoor spaces:
Include Bee-Friendly Flowers: Incorporate a variety of bee-friendly plants in your garden, such as lavender, sunflowers, coneflowers, and bee balm. These flowers offer abundant nectar and pollen for bees.
Mix and Match: Combine bee-repelling flowers with bee-friendly ones to maintain a visually appealing garden while still providing for pollinators.
Create Bee Habitats: Set up bee-friendly habitats like bee houses and provide clean water sources for bees to drink.
Avoid Pesticides: Minimize or eliminate pesticide use in your garden, as they can harm bees and other pollinators.
Support Local Bees: Opt for native plants in your garden, as they are well-suited to the needs of local bee populations.
Conclusion
While not all flowers are equally attractive to bees, it is crucial to consider the importance of pollinators in our ecosystems. Gardeners and conservationists can create beautiful, bee-friendly spaces by incorporating a variety of nectar-rich and pollen-laden flowers. By understanding the factors that influence bee preferences and making informed planting choices, we can help sustain bee populations while enjoying the beauty of our gardens. Bee-friendly gardening is not only visually rewarding but also environmentally responsible, contributing to the health and balance of our natural world.