Researchers at Wageningen University have unearthed a previously unnoticed component within the thale cress, a species that has been extensively studied for over five decades. This discovery, detailed in the journal Development, reveals a thin film encasing the embryo in the seed, providing crucial insights that could benefit seed and breeding companies in maintaining seed and plant health.
The newfound knowledge, although not fully understood in its exact role, is speculated to act as a type of straitjacket for the embryo, ensuring it maintains the correct shape during development. The embryonic envelope is believed to play a crucial role during the initial days after fertilization when the nutrient layer surrounding the embryo is not fully developed, preventing uncontrolled growth and bulging of cells.
The thinness of the embryonic envelope, which made it easily overlooked for decades, was accidentally discovered by researchers Yosapol Harnvanichvech and Cecilia Borassi while attempting to separate cells of a young plant embryo. An invisible force held the cells together, leading to the realization of the film surrounding the embryo.
“We knew what to look for,” expressed Borassi, highlighting how this discovery often becomes apparent only when one is aware of its existence. Further examination of detailed images taken with an electron microscope revealed similar membranes in embryos of tobacco plants, indicating that this component may be widespread among various plant species.
The implications of this discovery are significant, particularly for seed and breeding companies. The embryonic envelope is thought to play a crucial role in seed and embryo health, and its absence or damage could have severe consequences for the growth and development of the plant.
However, manipulating or removing the embryonic envelope in the lab poses challenges due to its elastic and robust structure. The envelope consists of fats and proteins connected via cross-links, making it resistant to traditional breakdown methods. While researchers have yet to succeed in this endeavor, the potential benefits of understanding the embryonic membrane’s role in plant development are immense.
The researchers propose that the envelope might serve as a gatekeeper, selectively allowing certain chemicals to pass through and protecting young embryos from harmful substances. Additionally, it could act as an attachment point for the protective fat layer that the plant develops later on.
While further research is required to unveil the full spectrum of the embryonic membrane’s functions, the researchers express excitement about their discovery and the potential it holds for advancing fundamental scientific knowledge. As they delve deeper into the intricate world of plant embryology, new doors open for understanding the mechanisms that govern plant growth and development.