A recent study published in the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science delves into the species-specific acclimation responses of pansies (Viola ×wittrockiana “Matrix Blue Blotch Improved”) and petunias (Petunia ×hybrida “Dreams Midnight”) to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in greenhouse environments.
While increased CO2 concentrations often lead to immediate responses such as enhanced photosynthesis, sustaining this initial boost throughout the production process remains uncertain. Despite the current atmospheric CO2 concentration exceeding 400 μmol⋅mol−1 on average, greenhouse levels commonly drop below 200 μmol⋅mol−1 during winter and early spring production.
The study aimed to identify acclimation responses unique to each species when exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations. Although CO2 concentrations ranging from 800 to 1200 μmol⋅mol−1 have demonstrated potential for increased plant growth, the most practical range for many species is considered to be 600 to 1000 μmol⋅mol−1.
The research observed an increase in biomass for both petunia “Dreams Midnight” and pansy “Matrix Blue Blotch Improved” under elevated CO2 concentrations compared to ambient conditions. However, acclimation to this input within 7 days likely limited the full potential of the biomass increase.
The study emphasizes the need for further research to uncover the timing and extent of species-specific responses to elevated CO2, considering various environmental conditions and production inputs. Insights gained could lead to improved strategies for CO2 enrichment in controlled environments, potentially enhancing production efficiency.